The paper analyzes the possible interferences on the part of the Brazilian military regime (1964-1985) in the teaching and research of Marxist economics. First, we examined courses, syllabi, and reading assignments from economics departments mainly from the 1960s and 1970s. Second, we interviewed professors that either studied or taught during the military regime years. We were unable to identify a systematic and well-organized interference in economics departments constraining the teaching and research on Marxist economics; however, the climate of fear and suspicion that reigned in the Brazilian universities led scholars to what we could call a “self-censorship”.